Findings, methods and sources
Finding. HoME collected 525 responses through surveys, interviews and participatory photography. Surveys reported favourable patient associations and favourable staff associations in the UK and USA, with null staff findings in Nigeria and Slovenia.
Limitation. The source is a preprint. Correlations cannot show that murals caused improved wellbeing or that consultation explains differences between sites.
Methods and verification
Verification level: Full text assessed
Structured summary
- Population
- Patients (adult psychiatric and paediatric), staff and visitors at four hospitals with established mural programmes in Nigeria, Slovenia, the United Kingdom and the United States
- Sample
- 525 responses: 229 patients, 245 staff, 49 visitors, 2 undisclosed; surveys 327, interviews 115, participatory photography 83
- Exposure
- Viewing existing hospital murals, as reported by participants
- Comparator
- None; correlational, cross-sectional design
- Outcome measures
- Mural Experience Survey (developed for the study) and validated scales for well-being, positive and negative emotions, social connection and workplace belonging
- Timing
- Single time point; data collected April–July 2025
- Result
- Moderate positive correlations for patients with positive emotions; for UK and US staff with well-being, positive emotions, social connection and workplace belonging; no significant correlations for staff in Nigeria and Slovenia; no correlation with negative emotions at any site
- Uncertainty
- Bonferroni-corrected correlations; modest site samples; varied recruitment and translated scales; possible recall bias; preprint not peer reviewed
- Design
- Mixed-methods cross-sectional evaluation, four countries (preprint)
- Sample / scope
- 525 responses: 229 patients, 245 staff, 49 visitors, 2 undisclosed
- Setting
- Hospital public areas
- Art form
- Murals
Full preprint text (version posted 10 April 2026) read for sample, methods, results and limitations, 29 September 2026
Last full editorial audit: 2026-09-09 · Verification policy
Publications and overlap
No confirmed shared-publication match is recorded for this entry in Edition 4.11. Source-by-source and participant-level reconciliation is incomplete; this does not establish an independent study.