Findings, methods and sources
Adjacent evidenceObservational / experimentalReported benefit
Finding. In an experiment using manipulated plaza images, sculpture was associated with higher ratings of perceived restorativeness.
Limitation. Ratings of simulated spaces by a small sample, not measured recovery or health in a hospital. Relevant to siting hypotheses.
Abdulkarim D, Nasar JL. Are livable elements also restorative? J Environ Psychol. 2014;38:29–38.
Methods and verification
Verification level: Not yet assigned
- Design
- Photo-simulation experiment, factorial design
- Sample / scope
- 60 participants rating three plazas
- Setting
- Urban plazas, not healthcare
- Art form
- Sculpture
Citation metadata checked against Crossref; abstract not accessible, 29 September 2026
Last full editorial audit: 2026-09-09 · Verification policy
Publications and overlap
No confirmed shared-publication match is recorded for this entry in Edition 4.11. Source-by-source and participant-level reconciliation is incomplete; this does not establish an independent study.